Algorithms (Branching, Looping, Sorting, Searching)

Control Structures (if/while/until/for)

Data Structures (Variables, Strings, Integers, Arrays, Records)

Debugging (Errors, Syntax, Run-Time)

File I/O (Sequential, Random Access)

Object (Class, Method, Instantiation, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Orthogonal)

Operations, Subroutines, Functions (arguments, parameters)

OptimizationPainting, Drawing

Prototyping